GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA TENTANG KEBUTUHAN DASAR ANAK USIA 3-4 TAHUN DI PLAY GROUP AL-KAMAL DESA PEDAGANGAN KECAMATAN WRINGINANOM GRESIK

Kebutuhan dasar anak yang tidak terpenuhi bisa menyebabkan keterlambatan tumbuh dan berkembangannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan orang tua tentang kebutuhan dasar anak usia 3-4 tahun di play group Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah orang tua yang memiliki anak usia 3-4 tahun di play group Al-Kamal Desa Pedagangan Kecamatan Wringinanom Kabupaten Gresik sebanyak 30 orang. Besar sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 30 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dengan teknik total sampling. Variabel penelitian yaitu pengetahuan orang tua tentang kebutuhan dasar anak usia 3-4 tahun. Data dikumpulkan mengunakan kuesioner, analisis data dalam bentuk tabel distribusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak orang tua yang pengetahuannya kurang tentang kebutuhan dasar anak sebanyak (73,3 %) dan orang tua yang pengetahuannya cukup sebanyak (26,7 %) serta orang tua yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak (0%). Kesimpulan penelian yaitu pengetahuan orang tua tentang kebutuhan dasar anak usia 3-4 tahun di play group Al-Kamal Desa Pedagangan Kecamatan Wringinanom Kabupaten Gresik masih kurang. Saran bagi petugas agar lebih meningkatkan penyuluhan tentang kebutuhan dasar anak

Ablative Fractional 10 600 nm Carbon Dioxide Laser Versus Non-ablative Fractional 1540 nm Erbium-Glass Laser in Egyptian Post-acne Scar patients

Introduction: Non-ablative fractional erbium-doped glass 1540 nm and fractional ablative 10600 nm carbon dioxide lasers are regarded as effective modalities for treating acne atrophic scars. In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser and fractional non-ablative 1540 nm erbium doped glass laser in treating post acne atrophic scars in Egyptian patients.Methods: Fifty-eight patients complaining of moderate and severe acne atrophic scars were randomly divided into 2 groups of 29 patients each. Both groups were subjected to 4 treatment sessions with 3 weeks interval and were followed up for 3 months. In group A, enrolled patients received CO2 laser, while in group B, patients were treated with 1540 nm erbium glass fractional laser.Results: Clinical assessment revealed that the mean grades of progress and improvement were higher with fractional 10600 nm CO2 laser but with non-significant difference between both treatments (P = 0.1). The overall patients’ satisfaction with both lasers were not significantly different (P = 0.44).Conclusion: Both fractional ablative CO2 and fractional non-ablative erbium glass lasers are good modalities for treating acne scars with a high efficacy and safety profile and good patient satisfaction. The fractional ablative laser showed higher efficacy while non-ablative laser offered less pain and shorter downtime

Effect of poster and video intervention on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) level of personal hygiene among food handlers in 24 hours Mamak restaurants in Sungai Petani, Kedah

This study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practice on personal hygiene among foodhandlers at 24 hours Mamak operation restaurants before and after poster and video intervention. A survey and observation checklist was conducted among 100 food handlers selected from Mamak restaurants. 77% of respondents were aware on personal hygiene during the pre-intervention and the percentage has slightly escalated to 100% after intervention. Similarly, the percentage of good personal hygiene practice was increase after the intervention (42% to 73% respectively). It was observed that there was no significant correlation between knowledge and practice (r= -0.082, p=0.415) similarly there was no significant correlation observed between knowledge and attitude (r= -0.009, p=0.930). The finding adds to the growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of poster and video intervention.Keywords: KAP; poster and video intervention; personal hygiene; food handlers; 24 hoursMamak restaurants

Optical Properties of Bismuth Borate Glasses Doped with Zinc and Calcium Oxides

Some bismuth-borate oxide glass' samples were prepared by the fast quenching method, where B2O3 was replaced with equal concentrations of ZnO and CaO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the internal structure and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to identify building units and bonds throughout the studied structural matrices. XRD showed that all samples have short range order structural nature, while FTIR demonstrated some of Zn2+ acted as glass network formers and all Bi3+ acted as glass. UV-visible measurements and calculations showed a decreasing in the energy band gap from 3.83 eV to 1.73 eV with decreasing B2O3 content. Also with decreasing B2O3 content, both real refractive index and metallization factor decreased from 3.1 to 1.9 and from 0.56 to 0.71, respectively. For the studied glass' samples, density and molar volume showed inverted behaviors, where the density decreased while the molar volume increases with decreasing B2O3

Spatial assessment on ambient air quality status: a case study in Klang, Selangor

Klang as the center of economic and industrial zone in Malaysia has been exposed to poor air quality condition over the years. This study was conducted to evaluate the spatial variation pattern of air quality status in Klang, Selangor by using a four years (2010-2013) secondary database from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). The finding shows that carbon monoxide (CO) had a strong correlation with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), while Air Pollutant Index (API) had moderate correlation with particulate matter (PM10) (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicates that the most significant air pollutants were NO2, CO and PM10. Statistical Process Control (SPC) reveals that several PM10 data beyond the limitations of SPC and the national guidelines. This study shows that active collaboration among all relevant environmental departments and agencies should be implemented for the effective management of air quality.Keywords: air quality; correlation; principal component analysis; statistical process control

Challenges of communication system during emergency disaster response in Malaysia: A review

The purpose of this review is to provide the overview of available systems and potentialfuture systems for communication during disaster in Malaysia. Electronic searches in majorsubject loci databases such as MEDLINE (via PUBMED), Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus,IEEE Xplore digital library and Springer are used in conducting the reviews. The majorchallenge is to integrate between readily available communications systems at pre-disaster,during disaster and post-disaster. Therefore, this review will further provide information forthe policy makers, responsible personnel as well as researchers on the vulnerability of thecommunication systems during disaster and the future direction of effective communicationsystem in Malaysia.Keywords: disaster; communication system;GIRN; effective communication system;emergency medicine

Scrutinized System Calls Information Using J48 And Jrip For Malware Behaviour Detection

Malware is considered as one of most emerging threats due to Cybercriminals work diligently to make most of the part of the users’ network of computers as their target. A number of researchers keep on proposing the various alternative framework consisting detection methods day by days in combating activities such as single classification and the rule-based approach. However, such detection method still lacks in differentiate the malware behaviours and cause the rate of falsely identified rate, i.e., false positive and false negative increased. Therefore, integrated machine learning techniques comprise J48 and Jrip are proposed as a solution to distinguish malware behaviour more accurately. This integrated classifier algorithm applied to analyse, classify and generate rules of the pattern and program behaviour of system call information in which, the legal and illegal behaviours could identify. The result showed that the integrated classifier between J48 and Jrip significantly improved the detection rate as compared to the single classifier

New flood risk index in tropical area generated by using SPC technique

This study applied four hydrology parameters. The findings from Principal ComponentAnalysis confirmed that all selected parameters were significant to be taken as main tools forfurther analysis with result of R2> 0.7. SPC set up a new control limit for all selectedparameters in the study area. For those data within or beyond the Upper Control Limit value, itwas being considered as high risk for flood occurrence. New flood risk index within rangefrom 0-100 was calculated using a combination of new algebraic equation and control limitvalues obtained from SPC analysis as variable. The accuracy of FRI was tested using ANN.The result showed the accuracy of FRI was more than 90%. It can be stipulated that thecombination of chemometric techniques and SPC can produce a new standard FRI which iscost effective, accurate and flexible to be applied for the purpose of flood risk control intropical area.Keywords: flood risk index; statistical process control; chemometric technique; tropical area;control limit; prediction performance

Revealing the Feature Influence in HTTP Botnet Detection

Botnet are identified as one of most emerging threats due to Cybercriminals work diligently to make most of the part of the users’ network of computers as their target. In conjunction to that, many researchers has conduct a lot of study regarding on the botnets and ways to detect botnet in network traffic. Most of them only used the feature inside the system without mentioning the feature influence in botnet detection. Selecting a significant feature are important in botnet detection as it can increase the accuracy of detection. Besides, existing research focusses more on the technique of recognition rather than uncovering the purpose behind the selection. Therefore, this paper will reveal the influence feature in botnet detection using statistical method. The result obtained showed the accuracy is about 91% which is approximately acceptable to use the influence feature in detecting botnet activity